2.7 Craniometry and physical anthropology.2 Racial theories in physical anthropology (1850–1918).Publications such as the Mankind Quarterly, founded explicitly as a "race-conscious" journal, are generally regarded as platforms of scientific racism, because they publish fringe interpretations of human evolution, intelligence, ethnography, language, mythology, archaeology, and race. Critics argue that such works postulate racist conclusions, such as a genetic connection between race and intelligence, that are unsupported by available evidence. The term scientific racism is generally used pejoratively when applied to more modern theories, such as those in The Bell Curve (1994). In recent years, it has taken a heavy toll in human lives, and caused untold suffering.” Since that time, developments in human evolutionary genetics and physical anthropology have led to a new consensus among anthropologists that human race is a sociopolitical phenomenon rather than a biological one. The myth of 'race' has created an enormous amount of human and social damage. For all practical social purposes, 'race' is not so much a biological phenomenon as a social myth. Īfter the end of World War II, scientific racism in theory and action was formally denounced, especially in UNESCO's early antiracist statement, " The Race Question" (1950): “The biological fact of race and the myth of 'race' should be distinguished. Since the second half of the 20th century, scientific racism has been criticized as obsolete and discredited, yet has persistently been used to support or validate racist world-views, based upon belief in the existence and significance of racial categories and a hierarchy of superior and inferior races. Scientific racism was common during the period from the 1600s to the end of World War II. Scientific racism misapplies, misconstrues, or distorts anthropology (notably physical anthropology), anthropometry, craniometry, evolutionary biology, and other disciplines or pseudo-disciplines, in proposing anthropological typologies supporting the classification of human populations into physically discrete human races, some of which might be asserted to be superior or inferior to others. Modern scientific consensus rejects this view as being irreconcilable with modern genetic research. Dividing humankind into biologically distinct groups is sometimes called racialism, race realism, or race science by its proponents. Historically, scientific racism received credence throughout the scientific community, but it is no longer considered scientific. Scientific racism, sometimes termed biological racism, is the pseudoscientific belief that empirical evidence exists to support or justify racism ( racial discrimination), racial inferiority, or racial superiority.
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